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Denmark

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Source/Kilde: Liliane Murray

Last update: 21 July 2014
Sidst opdateret: 21 Jul 2014

Denmark

Legislation
International conventions and Danish drug laws
The reality

Legislation

In Denmark cannabis is governed by the Narcotics laws and the Criminal justice law, the first lists a number of substances in the categories A, B, C, D and E.
Cannabis is listed in Category A, of substances whose presence is not permitted in Denmark.
The Danish drug laws prohibits all activities of substances listed in Category A;- import, export, trade, transport, receipt, production and possession of these substances, unless they are used medicinally or in research.

Violation of drug laws is punishable by fine or imprisonment. In particularly in serious cases, the imprisonment can be up to 16 years. The penalty for breaking the law depends on the individual case, including drug type and quantity. Possession of larger amounts of material for resale will typically provide prison sentences. Even if a small amount of material is deemed 'possession for personal consumption' the citizen will get a fine, especially if it is his or her first time - but every possession is illegal, even in the case of small amounts, and hence subject to punishment.


 The drug laws are broken down into several sections. They consist of:
- Law on Narcotics, which is the law that prohibits a number of substances, to be used for other than medical and scientific purposes
- Notice on euphoric substances, containing the lists of substances that fall under the drug laws.
- Penal Code § 191, which has provisions for serious drug offenses.

The notice on euforic substances, include lists of specific substances covered by the Act:
List A includes substances which may not be present in Denmark (cannabis, cat, heroin, opium, LSD).

(1 Cannabis (meaning all above-ground parts of the plant of the genus Cannabis, from which the resin has not been removed. Excluded are fruits of hemp (hemp) and hemp fibre in the isolated form.)
 
The maximum penalty for violation of the Law on Narcotics goes up to 2 years, while serious drug crimes, sentenced under the Criminal Justice Act carries sentencies with a maximum of up to 16 years imprisonment.

International conventions and Danish drug laws

The basis of the Danish legislation is that Denmark has joined the three UN conventions regulating the area internationally:
-The common drug convention, the Single Convention (1961) to restrict the use of "traditional" drugs (opium, cannabis, coca) for medical and scientific purposes.
-The Psychotropic Convention (1971) which deals with the control of other psychoactive substances (stimulants, hallucinogens, sleeping and sedatives).
-The Convention against illicit handling of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (1988) in regard  to international cooperation and action against illegal production, trafficking and money profits from the illegal market.
- The Health authorities in Denmark has made a number compassionate user-permits for Marinol ® (dronabinol - capsules) and Nabilone (Nabilone - capsules).

Denmark can provide compassionate user-permits, to individual patients with a time restriction covering either 3 months or 1 year, and general disclosure permits (hospitals and specialists (neurologists)), which are provided with 5 year limits. A compassionate permit, can be given, respectively, in patients with cancer or MS.

Furthermore, it is possible to apply for a 'Human single compassionate permit', for the use of substances otherwise not recognized and marketed in Denmark, here it is the doctor who must apply for it, and it will need to be imported by a pharmacy. To date, ​​one (1) application have been made for this (for products from Bedrocan BV - The Netherlands), the outcome is still unknown.

The reality

Denmark runs a zero tolerance policy, and the authorities are aggressively hunting for citizens with as little as 0.1 grams of cannabis on them, which is punishable by fines and for repeat offenders, possibly prison sentences. No distinction is made between recreational and medicinal use. Prepared raids and harassment of the citizens, are commonplace in areas, where cannabis is usually offered for sale, and the politicians and the police have stated that they will continue to run their hard line, which is to harass and intimidate citizens into leaving cannabis alone.
Thousand of Danish citizens have lost their driving license for no other reason than that they tested positive for THC regardless of amount. The license may for that reason be lost, even if the citizen was not sitting behind the wheel when he was caught.

There is hundreds, maybe thousands of patients in Denmark using cannabis as their medicine of choice, but this is ignored and silenced. (this last sentence may be irrelevant, in which case, please do leave it out)


Denmark

Lovgivning
Narkotikalovene har flere dele. De består af;-
Internationale konventioner og dansk narkotikalovgivning
I realiteten

Lovgivning

Cannabis er i Danmark underlagt loven om euforiserende stoffer og straffeloven, i loven opremses en række stoffer, på listerne A, B, C, D og E.
Cannabis er listet på liste A, over stoffer der ikke må forefindes i landet.

Den danske narkotikalovgivning bestemmer, at det er forbudt at indføre, udføre, sælge, købe, udlevere, modtage, fremstille, forarbejde og besidde disse stoffer, medmindre stofferne bruges medicinsk eller i forskning.

Overtrædelse af narkotikalovgivningen straffes med bøde eller fængsel. I særlige alvorlige tilfælde kan fængselsstraf gå op til 16 år. Straffen for at bryde loven afhænger af den konkrete sag, blandt andet stoftype og –mængde. Besiddelse af større mængder stof til videresalg vil typisk give fængselsstraf. Typisk vil en lille mængde stof vurderes som ’besiddelse til eget forbrug’, og man vil få en bødestraf, især hvis det er første gang – men al besiddelse er ulovlig, også selv om der er tale om små mængder

Narkotikalovene har flere dele. De består af;-

Lov om euforiserende stoffer er den lov, der forbyder, at en række stoffer bruges til andet end medicinske og videnskabelige formål.

-Bekendtgørelse om euforisende stoffer indeholder lister over, hvilke stoffer, der hører under narkotikalovgivningen.

-Straffelovens §191 har bestemmelser om de grove narkotikaforbrydelser

 Bekendtgørelsen om euforiserende stoffer omfatter lister over de konkrete stoffer, der er omfattet af loven:

-Liste A omfatter stoffer, der ikke må forefindes her i landet (cannabis, kat, heroin, opium, lsd).

(1. Cannabis (hvorved forstås alle overjordiske dele af planter tilhørende slægten Cannabis, hvorfra harpiksen ikke er fjernet. Undtaget er dog frugter af hampeplanten (hampefrø) og hampestaver i isoleret tilstand.)

 Strafferammen for overtrædelse af Lov om euforiserende stoffer går op til 2 år, mens grovere narkotikakriminalitet dømmes efter straffeloven med en strafferamme på op til 16 år.
 

Internationale konventioner og dansk narkotikalovgivning

Grundlaget for den danske lovgivning er, at Danmark har tilsluttet sig de 3 FN-konventioner, der regulerer området internationalt:

-Den almindelige narkotikakonvention, enkeltkonventionen (1961) der begrænser anvendelsen af "klassiske" euforiserende stoffer (opium, cannabis, coca) til medicinske og videnskabelige formål. § -Psykotropkonventionen, (1971) der handler om kontrol med andre psykoaktive stoffer (centralstimulerende stoffer, hallucinogener, sove- og nervemedicin).

-Konventionen mod ulovlig håndtering af narkotika og psykotrope stoffer (1988) handler om at forstærke det internationale samarbejde og indsatsen imod  illegal produktion, handel  og hvidvaskning af fortjenester fra det illegale marked.

Sundhedsstyrelsen i Danmark har givet en række udleveringstilladelser til Marinol® (dronabinol – kapsler) og til Nabilone (nabilone – kapsler).

Danmark giver typisk udleveringstilladelser af disse til enkelte patienter, der gælder enten 3 måneder eller 1 år, og generelle udleveringstilladelser (hospitaler og speciallæger (neurologer) giver vi for 5 år. En udleveringstilladelse kan gives henholdvis til patienter med kræft eller MS.

Desuden er det muligt at søge om en Human enkelt udleveringstilladelse, af midler der ikke er anerkendt og markedsført i Danmark, her er det lægen der skal søge, og det skal importeres af et apotek. Til dato er der lavet én (1) ansøgning om dette (til produkterne fra Bedrocan BV - Holland), udfaldet er endnu ukendt.

Der kan desuden søges om en udleveringstilladelse til eksperimentel behandling med medicin, og videnskabelige formål.

I realiteten

Danmark kører en nul tolerance politik, og myndighederne er aggressivt udfarende, overfor borgere med så lidt som 0,1 gram cannabis på sig, som straffes med bøder, og ved gentagne overtrædelser, også fængselsstraffe. Der skelnes ikke mellem rekreativt og medicinsk brug. Der laves razziaer med jævlige mellemrum i områder hvor cannabis normalt udbydes, og politikerne og politiet har erklæret, at de vil blive ved med at køre denne hårde linje, som går ud på at chikanere og skræmme borgerne til at lade cannabis være. Og danske borgere mister deres kørekort uden anden grund end at de er testet positive for THC. Kørekortet kan af denne grund mistes, selvom om borgeren ikke sad bag rattet da vedkommende blev snuppet.

Der er i hundrevis, måske tusinder af danske patienter der har valgt at bruge cannabis som deres medicin, disse menneskers behov, ignoreres og ties ihjel.

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